The scientists and MD’s at NOVOS extrapolated the doses from animal studies, looked at doses used in human studies, looked at human pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics data, discussed with NOVOS’ Scientific Advisor Board (e.g., with Dr. Pamela Maher, we went into depth regarding the ideal dose regimen of fisetin), compared doses used in other supplements, and so on. This often times led us to having to use much higher dosages than found in most other food supplements (e.g., 2 g of glycine, or 1.1 g of calcium alpha-ketoglutarate, etc.). This is why we use sachets for a powdered drink mix – because pills would not suffice for the appropriate doses.